What historical period is characterized by the revitalization of art and culture, primarily in Europe?

The Renaissance is characterized by a profound revitalization of art and culture that swept through Europe from the 14th to the 17th centuries. This period marked a renewed interest in the classical art and philosophies of ancient Greece and Rome. Artists, scholars, and thinkers sought inspiration from these classical roots, which resulted in significant advancements in various artistic practices, literature, science, and humanism.

During the Renaissance, there was a shift in focus towards individualism and the human experience, emphasizing human potential and achievements. Artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael created masterpieces that are celebrated to this day, showcasing a deep understanding of anatomy, perspective, and emotion.

Furthermore, the Renaissance led to innovations in architecture (such as the use of columns and domes), advancements in literature with figures like Dante and Shakespeare, and the development of new ideas in science and philosophy. The period was also marked by the invention of the printing press, which facilitated the spread of Renaissance ideas beyond Italy and allowed for the dissemination of knowledge.

In contrast, the Enlightenment, while also a significant cultural movement, focused more on reason, science, and intellectual exchange rather than the artistic revival that defined the Renaissance. The Reformation primarily dealt with religious changes and challenges