What was the economic reorganization program introduced by Gorbachev in the USSR called?

The economic reorganization program introduced by Gorbachev in the USSR is known as Perestroika. This initiative, which translates to "restructuring" in Russian, aimed to revitalize the Soviet economy through various reforms. Gorbachev sought to transition from a centrally planned economy to a more market-oriented approach, permitting some degree of private enterprise and encouraging foreign investment. Perestroika was fundamental in addressing the economic stagnation that had plagued the Soviet Union in the 1980s and was a critical component of Gorbachev's broader policies alongside Glasnost, which focused on political openness.

Understanding Perestroika is essential as it marked a pivotal shift in the Soviet Union’s economic practices and set the stage for the eventual political changes that led to the dissolution of the USSR in 1991.