Which kind of map shows the distribution of population rather than geographic area?

A cartogram is a type of map that transforms the geographical areas of regions based on a particular variable, such as population, making it evident how population distribution differs from the physical size of those regions. In a cartogram, areas are resized to represent the data rather than geographical proximity or area, providing a visual representation that highlights demographic trends, such as population density or distribution. This allows viewers to understand population dynamics more intuitively, making it easier to see where populations are concentrated or sparse.

In contrast, a political map primarily shows the boundaries and locations of political entities like countries and states without giving emphasis to demographic data, while a physical map focuses on natural features such as mountains, rivers, and valleys. A topographic map similarly conveys physical geographic features through contour lines and elevation, lacking emphasis on population distribution. Thus, a cartogram is specifically designed to represent demographic data, making it the correct choice for showing population distribution.