Which philosophy focuses on the significance of individual rights and freedoms?

Liberalism is centered around the idea of individual rights and freedoms, advocating for personal liberty, equality before the law, and limited government intervention in the lives of citizens. This philosophy emerged in response to authoritarian regimes and emphasizes the importance of protecting individual liberties, such as freedom of speech, religion, and the right to own property. It has played a significant role in the development of modern democratic societies, where the respect for individual rights is a foundational principle.

While communism focuses on collective ownership and the redistribution of resources, it often restricts individual freedoms for the sake of achieving equality among the population. Utilitarianism prioritizes the greatest good for the greatest number, which can sometimes overlook individual rights in favor of broader social outcomes. Libertarianism, although highly focused on individual liberties, is a more specific branch that emphasizes minimal government interference and a strict interpretation of personal freedom. Liberalism, in contrast, encompasses a broader philosophical framework that supports individual rights while still recognizing the need for some form of government to ensure those rights are protected.