Who was the first Tsar of Russia?

The first Tsar of Russia was Ivan IV, commonly known as Ivan the Terrible. He was crowned in 1547 and is often credited with transforming the Grand Duchy of Moscow into the Tsardom of Russia. His reign is marked by the centralization of power and the expansion of Russian territory, but also notable for its brutality and the establishment of a reign of terror against perceived enemies.

Ivan IV's title of Tsar was significant as it derived from the Latin word "Caesar," suggesting both a claim to imperial authority and the ambition of Russian sovereignty on a grander scale. This marked a pivotal point in Russian history, as it shifted the perception of leadership and laid the groundwork for future Russian rulers.

The other individuals listed, while significant in their own right, came to power after Ivan IV. Peter I, also known as Peter the Great, reigned much later, and his reforms further modernized Russia. Nicholas II was the last Tsar, ruling until the early 20th century, and Alexander III was known for his conservative policies during his reign in the late 19th century.